Glaucoma is a complex group of eye disorders that damage the optic nerve and can lead to vision loss if untreated. Left unchecked, rising eye pressure caused by fluid buildup in the eye is the primary culprit. Fortunately, advancements in medical science have made the treatment of glaucoma more effective than ever. From medications to surgeries, here’s how an ophthalmologist can employ a range of approaches:
Eye Pressure Medications
Eye drops are frequently the first step in controlling glaucoma. These drops are not only straightforward to use but also effective in reducing pressure. Drugs are used to increase fluid drainage from the eye and are typically favored for their ease of use. Beta-blockers reduce the production of intraocular fluid and are usually prescribed for daily use.
Alpha-adrenergic agonists serve a dual purpose of decreasing fluid production and increasing drainage. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are another option for reducing fluid production and may be recommended when other treatments are ineffective. Each type of medication works differently, so it’s common for ophthalmologists to adjust prescriptions or combine treatments as needed to achieve the best results. While effective, these medications require consistent use; therefore, regular communication between the patient and doctor is beneficial.
Laser Therapy Treatments
When medications alone aren’t enough, laser treatments offer another layer of defense. Laser procedures are typically quick, minimally invasive, and can effectively reduce pressure. Depending on the form of glaucoma, an ophthalmologist may recommend one of the following therapies:
- Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) is typically used for open-angle glaucoma. This treatment involves using a low-energy laser to improve the eye’s fluid drainage system, reducing pressure over time.
- Laser Peripheral Iridotomy is recommended for patients with angle-closure glaucoma. It creates a small opening in the iris to improve fluid flow and prevent further pressure buildup.
Glaucoma Surgical Options
For some patients, surgery becomes the most effective solution, particularly when eye drops and lasers have not achieved sufficient results. Ophthalmologists perform a range of surgical procedures, each carefully selected based on the patient’s condition.
- Trabeculectomy involves creating a tiny drainage channel in the eye to allow excess fluid to escape. This procedure is designed for patients with advanced glaucoma and is highly effective in lowering eye pressure.
- Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) offers a less invasive alternative. MIGS procedures utilize tiny implants or stents to enhance fluid drainage, resulting in reduced recovery time and fewer risks compared to traditional surgeries.
Although surgeries are more invasive than other treatments, they offer lasting results and are a valuable option for those with severe glaucoma.
Follow-up Care
Regardless of the treatment choice, managing glaucoma requires ongoing care. Regular eye exams remain a key part of monitoring the disease. During follow-ups, ophthalmologists use tools like visual field tests to check for changes in peripheral vision and optic nerve imaging to track any progression of damage. Adjusting treatment plans based on these assessments is key to controlling the disease effectively and preserving vision. Patients are encouraged to keep all appointments and notify their doctor of any changes in symptoms.
Book an Appointment With an Ophthalmologist
Glaucoma treatment offers a range of options to preserve vision, but early detection can prevent problems from worsening. If you’ve noticed changes in your vision or have risk factors for glaucoma, don’t wait to act. Schedule an eye exam today to protect your sight and explore the right treatment plan for your needs.
