Pain on the outside of your elbow can interfere with daily activities, from lifting objects to shaking hands. This discomfort is often associated with a condition known as tennis elbow, or lateral epicondylitis. Here is more information on its causes, symptoms, and the available management options for patients experiencing this condition:
What Is Tennis Elbow?
Lateral epicondylitis, commonly called tennis elbow, is a condition involving inflammation or micro-tearing of the tendons that connect the forearm muscles to the outside of the elbow. These muscles and tendons become damaged from overuse, leading to pain and tenderness. The condition is not limited to tennis players; it can affect anyone who partakes in repetitive wrist and arm movements.
What Causes It?
The primary cause of tennis elbow is the repetitive stress of the wrist and forearm muscles. Activities that involve repeated wrist extension or bending the wrist backward can overload the tendons, causing gradual wear and tear. This may occur in various occupational and recreational settings.
Common activities that can lead to this condition include:
- Playing racquet sports like tennis, particularly with poor backhand technique.
- Occupational tasks such as painting, plumbing, or carpentry.
- Activities like using a computer mouse for extended periods or cutting up food.
Age also plays a factor, with the condition being most common in adults over 40 years of age.
What Are the Symptoms?
The symptoms of this condition develop gradually. The primary symptom is pain and tenderness on the bony knob on the outside of the elbow. This pain may also radiate into the forearm and wrist.
The pain has the potential to worsen with certain movements, such as shaking hands, turning a doorknob, or holding a cup of coffee. Individuals may experience weakened grip strength. The affected arm can also feel stiff, particularly in the morning.
How Is Tennis Elbow Prevented?
Preventing tennis elbow involves avoiding overuse and strain on the forearm muscles. Proper technique during sports or work activities can reduce stress on the elbow tendons. Using equipment that is the correct size and weight, like a tennis racquet, is also beneficial.
Strengthening the forearm muscles may help them better handle physical stress. Warming up properly before engaging in any activity that involves repetitive arm movements also prepares the muscles and tendons. If elbow pain starts to occur, taking a break from the activity can prevent the condition from worsening.
How Is It Managed?
Managing tennis elbow begins with conservative methods aimed at reducing pain and inflammation. The first step is often to rest the affected arm and avoid activities that trigger the pain. This can prevent the condition from worsening.
Physical therapy is a common approach that involves exercises to stretch and strengthen the forearm muscles. A specialist can teach techniques to modify movements, helping to reduce strain. Anti-inflammatory medications, such as ibuprofen or naproxen, help decrease pain and swelling.
Another option is bracing. A counterforce brace worn around the forearm may help relieve pressure on the affected tendons. For persistent symptoms, a physician may recommend localized injections, such as corticosteroids, to reduce inflammation. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections are another treatment that uses a patient’s own blood to promote healing.
Consult a Specialist Today
Tennis elbow is a treatable condition, and multiple management options are available. If you are experiencing persistent elbow pain, seek a medical evaluation. An orthopedic specialist can provide an accurate diagnosis and develop a treatment plan suited to your specific needs.
