Flat feet, also known as fallen arches, occur when the arches of the feet are flattened, allowing the entire sole to make contact with the ground. While some people experience no symptoms, others may develop pain and complications that require treatment. Understanding this condition can help you determine the most appropriate treatment approach. Here is more information on the definition, causes, symptoms, and treatment options available for flat feet:
What Are Flat Feet?
Flat feet are a postural deformity where the arch of the foot collapses or fails to develop properly. The arch normally provides a curved structure along the inner side of the foot, creating a space between the foot and the ground. When this arch is absent or significantly reduced, the condition is confirmed.
Flexible flat feet allow the arch to appear when sitting or when the person rises onto their toes, but disappears when standing with full weight on the foot. Rigid flat feet maintain their flat appearance regardless of weight-bearing status. The condition can affect one or both feet and may be present from birth or develop over time.
What Causes It?
Several factors contribute to the development of this condition. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role, as the condition often runs in families. Some people are born with flat feet due to inherited structural abnormalities in the bones, ligaments, or tendons of the feet.
Acquired cases can develop due to injury or wear and tear over time. Damage to the posterior tibial tendon, which helps maintain the arch, commonly leads to adult-acquired flatfoot deformity. Arthritis, particularly rheumatoid arthritis, can cause inflammation and deterioration of the joints and supporting structures.
What Are the Symptoms?
Some people with this condition experience no symptoms and are often diagnosed during routine medical examinations. When symptoms do occur, they typically manifest as pain and discomfort in various areas of the foot and leg. Foot pain commonly develops along the inside of the ankle and arch area. This pain may worsen with prolonged standing, walking, or physical activity.
Swelling along the inside of the ankle is another symptom. This swelling often accompanies pain and may become more pronounced after extended periods of weight-bearing activity. Some individuals notice that their feet tire more easily than normal, particularly during walking or standing for extended periods.
What Are the Treatment Options?
Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and the degree of functional impairment. Shoe inserts help redistribute pressure and provide additional support to the foot structure. Stretching exercises target tight muscles and tendons that may contribute to symptoms. Physical therapy provides manual therapy techniques to address muscle imbalances and improve foot mechanics.
Rest from aggravating activities allows inflamed tissues to heal and reduces ongoing irritation. Anti-inflammatory medications help reduce pain and swelling in affected tissues. Maintaining a healthy weight reduces stress on the foot structures and may prevent further deterioration of the arch.
Surgery becomes necessary when conservative treatments fail to provide adequate symptom relief. Surgical procedures vary depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Procedures may repair bone or tendon problems causing pain.
Find the Right Treatment for You
Flat feet affect millions of people, but effective treatment options can manage symptoms and improve quality of life. The condition ranges from asymptomatic to severely debilitating, making proper evaluation and treatment planning key for improved outcomes. If you suspect you have this condition, consult a healthcare professional for an appropriate assessment.
