A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that allows doctors to examine the large intestine and rectum using a flexible tube with a camera. This procedure serves as both a diagnostic tool and a preventive measure. While the preparation requires some planning and temporary dietary changes, the actual examination is typically completed within an hour.
What Is a Colonoscopy For?
Colonoscopies serve multiple medical purposes, with screening and diagnosis being the primary functions. The procedure allows gastroenterologists to detect abnormalities in the colon and rectum that may not be visible through other diagnostic methods. Diagnostic colonoscopies are performed when patients experience specific symptoms such as persistent abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, unexplained weight loss, or bloody stool. These symptoms may indicate various conditions that require medical evaluation and treatment.
Screening colonoscopies are typically recommended for adults around the age of 50, depending on individual risk factors. These routine examinations help identify precancerous polyps before they develop into more serious conditions. The procedure can also detect inflammation, unusual growths, or other structural abnormalities.
The procedure also serves therapeutic purposes. During the examination, doctors can remove polyps, take tissue samples for laboratory analysis, or address bleeding issues. This dual diagnostic and treatment capability makes colonoscopy a valuable medical tool.
How Do You Prepare For One?
Preparation for a colonoscopy begins several days before the scheduled procedure. Your gastroenterologist will provide specific instructions tailored to your medical history and the type of preparation solution prescribed. Dietary modifications typically start a few days before the procedure. You’ll need to avoid foods high in fiber. The day (or days) before your colonoscopy, you’ll transition to a clear liquid diet. Bowel preparation involves taking a prescribed cleansing solution, typically beginning the evening before or the morning of the procedure. These solutions work by clearing the colon of all solid matter.
Medication adjustments may be necessary before your colonoscopy. Inform your doctor about all medications and supplements you take. Some medications may need to be temporarily discontinued or adjusted.
What Should You Expect?
Sedation medication will be administered before the procedure starts. Many patients receive conscious sedation, which helps them relax and reduces discomfort during the procedure. The medication typically causes drowsiness and may result in limited memory of the examination.
You’ll be positioned on your side on the examination table. The gastroenterologist will insert the colonoscope, a thin and flexible tube, through the rectum and into the colon. The scope contains a light and a camera that transmit images to a monitor. During the examination, the doctor will slowly advance the colonoscope through the entire length of the colon, carefully examining the tissue for abnormalities. Air may be introduced to expand the colon for better visualization.
If polyps or suspicious tissue are found, the doctor may remove them using specialized instruments passed through the colonoscope. These samples are sent to a laboratory for microscopic examination. The entire examination usually takes 40 to 60 minutes, depending on the complexity of the case and whether any interventions are performed. After the procedure, you’ll be monitored in a recovery area until the sedation wears off.
Speak Further With a Gastroenterologist
If you have questions about colonoscopy preparation or the procedure itself, discuss them with your gastroenterologist during your pre-procedure consultation. They can provide personalized guidance based on your medical history and individual needs. Scheduling regular colonoscopies according to your doctor’s recommendations supports long-term digestive health. Early detection of abnormalities through routine screening can lead to more effective treatment outcomes and better overall health management.